Rowing is a compound exercise, engaging multiple muscle groups throughout the body rather than isolating a single area. The primary muscles worked include those in the legs (quadriceps, hamstrings, calves), back (latissimus dorsi, trapezius, rhomboids), and core (abdominals, obliques). Additionally, the shoulders (deltoids), arms (biceps, triceps, forearms), and glutes contribute significantly to the rowing motion. The specific emphasis on each muscle group can vary slightly depending on the type of rowing performed (e.g., sweep rowing vs. sculling).
Developing these muscle groups through rowing offers several advantages. It builds strength and endurance, improving overall fitness and athletic performance. The focus on core engagement promotes stability and good posture, which can help prevent back pain. Furthermore, rowing is a low-impact exercise suitable for individuals of varying fitness levels, minimizing stress on joints while providing a substantial cardiovascular workout. Historically, rowing has been both a practical means of transportation and a competitive sport, demonstrating the effectiveness of this movement in building human strength and power.